Disease overview
What is hantavirus?
Hantaviruses are a family of viruses spread mainly by rodents. Human infection is rare but can be severe. Two distinct disease patterns exist depending on the viral strain.
HPS vs HFRS
HPS — Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Found in the Americas. Affects the lungs. Case-fatality up to 38% (CDC). Sin Nombre virus is the main cause in North America; Andes virus in South America.
HFRS — Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Found in Europe and Asia. Affects the kidneys. Case-fatality 1–15% depending on strain. Hantaan, Seoul, Puumala and Dobrava viruses are common causes.
How does it spread?
- Inhaling aerosolised dust contaminated with rodent urine, droppings or saliva.
- Direct contact with rodents or their nests.
- Rarely, via rodent bites.
- Person-to-person spread is generally not documented, except for Andes virus in South America.
Who is at risk?
- People living or working in rural areas with rodent activity.
- Hikers and campers in endemic regions.
- Workers cleaning long-closed buildings, sheds or cabins.
- Agricultural and forestry workers.
Is there a vaccine?
No vaccine is currently approved in the US, EU or most countries. Vaccines exist in parts of Asia for HFRS strains. Prevention focuses on rodent control and avoiding exposure.
Track this in real-time
Live signals from official public health sources on one map.
See also: Symptoms timeline · Regional risk · Data sources